However, in individuals with hyperinsulinemia, the excessive activation of insulin signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mTOR, and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, significantly enhances tumor growth (60–65). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and hyperinsulinism.