,28 Given the PD-L1/PD-1, mTOR, and Wnt pathways play essential roles in the proper differentiation of cortical layers, cognitive development, brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease, it is plausible that VSTM2A is indispensable in the maintenance of human central nervous system. Here, VSTM2A is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.