Many host factors participate in viral infection in both positive and negative roles.42,43 The host factor Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) regulates the replication of different viruses.44–46 ACTN4 is an actin-binding protein belonging to the spectrin superfamily that plays roles in maintaining cytoskeletal stability and regulating cell motility.47–53 Despite its pivotal roles in cellular physiology, numerous studies have revealed that ACTN4 may influence viral replication in specific instances. Here, ACTN4 is linked to viral infectious disease.