When dietary nutrients are ingested, endogenous incretins (GIP and GLP-1) activate K and L cells in the gut, which then secrete GIP and GLP-1.488–490 In the pancreas, this stimulates the secretion of insulin and inhibits the secretion of glucagon.491 In the brain, it reduces appetite and improves satiety.130,133 In the gastrointestinal tract, it lowers the synthesis and secretion of triglycerides.491 By regulating appetite, insulin secretion, and lipid metabolism, GLP-1RAs have potential benefits in the treatment of NAFLD, NASH, and T2DM.130,492,493. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.