IFNG and infection: In line with previous studies on the effects of ADP-heptose in epithelial cells,17 this experiment revealed that infection with the H. pylori ΔrfaE mutant results in reduced CXCL8 expression in the mucosoid compared to H. pylori wt infection (Figure 2(i)); however, we found that DCs isolated from the mutant-infected cultures are more potent inducers of IFNγ production in T cells (Figure 2(j)).