In previous studies, we have already shown that CD1c+ DCs purified from peripheral blood are activated in vitro upon H. pylori infection.8 To compare infection of primary DCs in single culture with DC activation in the gastric context, we developed a mucosoid/DC co-culture platform based on the mucosoid culture system developed by Boccellato and colleagues,28 which provides a highly physiological representation of the gastric lining (Figure 1(g)). The gene discussed is CD1C; the disease is infection.