In addition, the dysregulation of BA receptors (BARs), such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5), sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR2), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), shows a remarkable effect on host anti-infection activities, but their functions vary in different infection models (4, 13, 18, –, 22). Here, VDR is linked to infection.