Thus, when infecting these strains with ICP12011A, an ICP1 isolate that overcomes PLE3 by encoding a CRISPR-Cas system and overcomes SXT ICE VchInd6 with genome modifications preventing recognition by the VchInd6 encoded restriction-modification system, we expected all V. cholerae isolates to be sensitive to ICP1 infection (Fig. 1A). The gene discussed is ATP8B1; the disease is infection.