TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Yuan Liping found that the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 was upregulated in the liver tissue of rats with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, while Bidens pilosa extract significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the liver tissue of these rats, enhancing the expression of P53 and bax proteins, thereby inducing apoptosis in HSCs.[21] Since NF-κB is expressed only in activated HSCs, it is believed that Bidens pilosa extract can induce apoptosis in activated HSCs by inhibiting NF-κB expression, thus exerting an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.