PADI4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In systemic lupus erythematosus, regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 regulates autophagy-driven NETs formation, enriching NETs with TF and interleukin (IL) 17A, which are crucial factors in promoting immunothrombosis and tissue fibrosis, respectively.[12] In sepsis, lipopolysaccharide induces the activation of PAD and the formation of NETs mediated by the PAD-NETs-citrullinated histone H3 pathway.