Other studies have comprehensively characterized single-cell populations in CD strictures, revealing distinct fibroblast subpopulations specific to the mucosa and submucosa, such as the CXCL14+ and MMP/WNT5A+ fibroblasts, and to the creeping fat, including GREM1+ and RFLNB+ fibroblasts (10, 11). Here, WNT5A is linked to Cowden disease.