In mixed T-cell and cancer-cell culture experiments, the scFv-PD-L1:TRAIL derivative enhanced the cytotoxicity of TRAIL by exhibiting a multi-fold therapeutic effect, which includes reactivating T-cells and stimulating IFNγ production, thereby upregulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis by TRAIL (Hendriks et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF10 and cancer.