Study outcomes: Changes in glycemic indicators including HbA1C, BSL (fasting/post-prandial glucose levels/oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), insulin levels (insulin secretion rate (ISR)/ HOMA-Insulin); inflammatory indicators including hsCRP, IL-6; indicators of diabetic complications including MACE, indicators of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy; overall morbidity (hospital admissions) and mortality. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetic retinopathy.