CD274 and cancer: With the advent of more effective and less harmful immunotherapy, including anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatment, the use of anti-CTLA-4 has been reduced; however, combinational therapies, including anti-CTLA-4 with PD-1 or PD-L1, are being administered and shown promising results, as the elevated PD-L1 expression is often associated with poorer prognosis in several cancers, including thyroid carcinoma.