In ESCC, advanced analyses integrating single-cell transcriptomic sequencing with bulk microarray data have uncovered that CCL18, released by TAMs, drives tumor cell proliferation via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, correlating with a poorer prognosis in ESCC (Sui et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene JAK2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.