PRDM16 and leukemia: In general, PRDM16 exist in two isoforms, a full length PRDM16 with PR domain (fPRDM16) and short PRDM16 which lacks the N-terminal PR domain (sPRDM16) Each isoform has opposing effects, at least in malignancies (38) For instance, while the fPRDM16 is crucial for hematopoetic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and functions as leukemia suppressor, sPRDM16 has the ability to maintain the elongated mitochondria in HSCs, induce inflammation and promote the development of leukemic cells (36).