HIF1A and inflammatory bowel disease: Dimethyl fumarate derived from fumarate has been demonstrated to exert immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to treat intestinal diseases like IBD by regulating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways (26–28).