The development of HCC is typically associated with the dysregulation of several signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Ras, p14ARF/P53, p16INK4A/Rb, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and PTEN/Akt (44). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.