The action targets of mSMG against IR in T2DM were significantly enriched in 1,141 GO terms and 189 pathways, and the top 30 GO terms and top 20 KEGG pathways were presented in Fig. 3A, B. It could be seen that they were mainly concentrated in insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolism (such as cholesterol homeostasis, inflammatory response, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, TNF pathway, Insulin resistance, PI3K-Akt pathway, IL-17 pathway, MAPK pathway, and NF-κB pathway). Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.