TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, using the network pharmacology analysis, we identified 50 compounds and 170 action targets of mSMG on reduction of IR in T2DM, and found that it might act on the hub target TNF (encodes TNF-α protein) and MAPK8 (encodes JNK1 protein) to regulate TNF pathway, MAPK pathway, and PI3K-Akt pathway, thereby ameliorating IR in T2DM.