We observed that the fully recovered cells grew slower than the respective parental cells (Fig. EV3G), were enriched for SOX9/p27 double-positive cells (Fig. 3F,G), and were less sensitive to TMZ than the parental cells (Fig. 3H), suggesting that qNSC-like tumor cells induced by TMZ treatment were maintained in the recovered cells. Here, SOX9 is linked to neoplasm.