TGFB1 and cancer: Formally testing for molecular pathways enriched in the target genes revealed that the genes were enriched in TGFβ-related pathways (TGFβ signaling pathway, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Padjusted (Padj) = 4.31 × 10−6; TGFβ signaling activation by blocking of tumor suppressors, Elsevier Pathway Collection, Padj = 4.4 × 10−5; Hippo signaling pathway, KEGG, Padj = 6.50 × 10−5; Wnt signaling pathway, KEGG, Padj = 9.38 × 10−3), as well as in cancer-related pathways (pathways in cancer, KEGG, Padj = 1.43 × 10−6).