As the expression of GFRAL is highly restricted to neurons in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem where it is responsible for GDF-15–mediated anorexia (43, 44), GFRAL-independent effects exerted by GDF-15 in the different pathologic conditions might be mediated by other yet unidentified receptors (45). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and Anorexia.