Concerning the outcome measure, investigated obesity traits included obesity risk, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and percentage body fat (BF%), while T2D-related measured outcomes were mainly fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and HbA1C. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.