Their benefit was rigorously examined in the recent European Stroke Organisation Guidelines which concluded that “there is no robust data that pharmacological interventions including cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine improved symptoms or delayed progression to dementia.”153 Almost all data were from trials of dementia rather than poststroke cognitive impairment and interpretation of these trials is complex, in particular because many cases labeled as vascular dementia may in fact have mixed dementia which is the predominant dementia type in the elderly. The gene discussed is BCHE; the disease is Cognitive impairment.