It was also found that the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα and chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10 was increased in the renal tissues of DN mice, while expression of these factors was downregulated after injection with hUCMSCs-Exo or hUCMSCs-Exo@Ex-4 (Figures 2G–J). Here, TNF is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.