ESR1 and breast carcinoma: In hypoxia, ERα-mediated glycolysis is regulated also by HIF-1α, and the two together shape the epigenetic landscape in breast cancer cells by altering the activity of histone demethylases, such as jumonji-C domain–containing protein 2B (JMJD2B), or impacting cell cycle progression (Thakur et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2010).