Such elevated methylation patterns decrease the ability of macrophages to produce immune cell-recruitment chemokines such as Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), CC-type chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), all of which regulate the migration of macrophages, facilitating tumour immune infiltration (Tausendschön et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and neoplasm.