We chose to focus on CBFB given the potential synthetic lethal relationship between CBFB and VHL, the additional identification of RUNX genes in the RCC4 screen, and the observation that high expression of CBFB mRNA in ccRCC tumours correlated strongly with poor survival outcomes in ccRCC tumours in The Cancer Genome Atlas database (Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene CBFB and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.