This included specific reductions in inflammatory genes, GPNMB, CCL3, MMP12, and EPHB2, which were up-regulated in humans and animal models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (19–23) (Fig. 6C). Here, GPNMB is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.