IL6 and urinary bladder cancer: Huseni and colleagues recently reported that CD8+ T cells purified from peripheral blood of kidney and bladder cancer patients with high plasma IL-6 levels display a STAT3-dependent exhausted and repressed functional profile, with lower expression of genes involved in CTL activation, including CD28, and cell-to-cell cross-talk such as CD40L, and enhanced expression of the inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and TIGIT, of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and of the transcription factors BATF, FOXO1, HIF-1α, and TOX2, which restrain effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells (101).