TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: MT is believed to have a proapoptotic effect and antitumor activity [21] by inhibition of the HIF-1 α/Akt pathway in liver cancer [22], NF-κB signaling pathway in lung carcinoma cells [23], TGF-β-mediated ERK signaling pathway in lung cancer [24], Her2 enrichment and growth factor receptor activation in triple negative breast cancer [25], MAPK in melanoma [26], and JAK2/STAT3 in ovarian cancer [27].