REN and hypertensive disorder: We want to emphasize that low-renin “essential”hypertension is a term that encompasses several disease processes rather than a discretecondition, including mineralocorticoid hormone overproduction, ligand-independent activationof the mineralocorticoid receptor, or dysregulated sodium transport in the distal nephron.Potential underlying causes include renin-independent hyperaldosteronism, nonclassic apparentmineralocorticoid excess, or Liddle-like syndrome [4-6].