BMP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: BMP1 levels, along with AST/ALT and TG/Glu ratios, were found to be significantly higher in obese patients and were an independent significant predictor of obesity together with AST/ALT ratio and QUICKI, suggesting that it may show a metabolic deterioration in obese individuals; however, it will be difficult to distinguish from these results whether it supported deterioration or was a component of the repair mechanism.