DYRK1A and Down syndrome: Encodes a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family and participates in various cellular processes. It is a highly conserved gene located in the so-called Down Syndrome critical region (DSCR), a part of chromosome 21 that is responsible for the majority of phenotypic features in Down syndrome (van Bon et al., 2011)