CRLS1 and cerebellar ataxia: Other monogenic cardiolipin disorders include Sengers syndrome (AGK),11 cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy (PNPLA8),12,13 dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome (DNAJC19)14 and MEGDEL syndrome (SERAC1).15 In 2022, two cardiolipin biosynthesis genes, cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1) and mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance homolog 41 (TAMM41), were linked to human diseases16,17 with neurological, cardiac and skeletal muscle manifestations.