TNF and steatosis: Mechanistically, GCA activates macrophages via TLR9‐NF‐κB signaling, and the activated macrophages promote hepatocyte lipid accumulation and apoptosis via secretion of Interleukin‐6(IL‐6), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and Interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β), thereby leading to hepatic steatosis and inflammation.