A secondary analysis of the Sapphire study showed a higher risk of death and RRT over 9 months of follow-up in critically ill patients with AKI and [TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7] concentrations > 0.3 (ng/ml)2/1000 at the time of study enrolment, compared to those with levels ≤ 0.3 (HR 1.44 [95% CI 1.00—2.06]) [59]. The gene discussed is IGFBP7; the disease is acute kidney injury.