Under certain conditions, chemotherapeutic agents have been suggested to display immune-enhancing effects and to augment CD8+ T-cell-dependent immune surveillance and rejection of cancer cells.31 Specifically, chemotherapy modulates the immune environment by reducing immunosuppressive cell activities, reviving antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, normalizing tumor neovasculature to promote CD8+ T cell infiltration, and boosting major histocompatibility complex I expression and neoantigen presentation in tumor cells. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.