PADI4 and cancer: O-F-amidine, in particular, is markedly more effective than its predecessors, demonstrating an activity 65 times stronger than that of F-amidine and exhibiting a greater preference for PAD1 inhibition.344 Recent developments include YW3-56, which not only inhibits PAD4 but also modulates key signaling pathways such as mTORC1, and can obstruct the autophagy of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth.345 Continued pharmacological innovation is needed to develop PAD inhibitors with improved selectivity, efficacy, and fewer side effects.