For example, uric acid–lowering effects are greatest in the heart failure trials composed of ≈50% of participants with and without diabetes and relatively preserved kidney function (Supplementary Table 4) and smallest in a CKD trial that exclusively recruited participants with type 2 diabetes where mean glycated haemoglobin was 8.3% and two-thirds were on insulin at baseline [19, 21]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.