The control CSOM group exhibited a 2.58 ± 1.24-fold increase in NLRP3 (p = 0.008), a 1.87 ± 0.64-fold increase in IL-1β (p = 0.024) and a 1.18 ± 0.13-fold increase in IL-18 (p = 0.027). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic purulent otitis media.