Zbtb24-deficient B1 cells produce less IgM and IL-10, it is thus tempting to speculate that the dysfunctional B1 cells contribute to the commonly-occurred infections as well as the uncommonly-observed autoimmune manifestations in patients with ICF2 [44], albeit that the putative surface markers defining human B1 cells remain controversial so far [55]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and infection.