CD19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Starting with rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [24, 25], pemphigus vulgaris [26], systemic sclerosis [25], refractory antisynthetase syndrome [27, 28] and inflammatory myositis [29], a growing number of case reports and case series have demonstrated that anti-CD19 CAR T cells improve clinical scores, can reduce autoantibodies, and may achieve long-lasting remissions (most extended relapse-free remission 29 months for SLE cases [29]), making CAR T cells prime candidates for a superior intervention compared to standard treatments.