LPL and Insulin resistance: High levels of MCP-1 have been shown to reduce insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by differentiated adipocytes and also to reduce mRNA levels for lipoprotein lipase (LpL), adipsin, GLUT-4, aP2, β3-adrenergic receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), suggesting it is a potential factor in the development of insulin resistance [72].