Compared to healthy skin, increases in mRNA gene levels of the cytokines—interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)—have been reported in acne-affected skin; mRNA levels are regulated by nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and many pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL-8, β-defensin 4, matrix metalloproteinases and granulysin [70]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acne.