ACE and heart failure: Despite hemodialysis-dependent patients being, on average, younger than their counterparts who were hemodialysis-non-dependent (61.3 ± 16.1 vs. 68.1 ± 13.6 years, p = 0.003), they were less likely to have heart failure as a comorbidity and less likely to be on medications that increase potassium levels, i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or potassium-sparing diuretics, as shown in Table 1.