Fornoni et al. have demonstrated decreased SMPDL-3b in patients with FSGS recurrence post-transplantation, and also that treatment with rituximab partially prevents SMPDL-3b downregulation and podocyte apoptosis, and is also associated with a lower chance of proteinuria after transplantation [50]. This evidence concerns the gene SMPDL3B and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.