In addition, systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with dysbiosis and, on the one hand, increased intestinal secretion of IL-17 and IL-22 from T cells and IFN-α and IFN-β from dendritic cells, and, on the other hand, systemic secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by monocytes and macrophages [9]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.