Along this line, a study conducted on postmortem PD brain samples, a cell line, and a Caenorhabditis elegans model provided evidence that the accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P3 leads to the aggregation of α-syn and contributes to neurodegeneration, a pathological process that has been attributed to the loss of function of a mutated SYNJ1 [41]. The gene discussed is SYNJ1; the disease is Parkinson disease.