TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Interestingly, besides their implication in IBD pathways, the key IBD-DEGs were also found to be enriched in pathways such as TNF signaling, adipocytokine signaling, colorectal cancer, intestinal immune network for IgA production, leukocyte transendothelial migration, C-type lectin receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, and VEGF signaling (Figure 6c).