IGF1 and hearing loss disorder: Dysregulation of cellular pathways like senescence, autophagy, and oxidative stress, in addition to molecular pathways regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and sirtuins (SIRTs) have each been implicated in hearing loss progression, but the specific causative factors and their direct roles on molecular and cellular pathways that lead to cochlear degeneration are not fully elucidated.