HLA-C and HIV-1 infection: Outside the Δ32 mutation in the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently identified variants in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also known as human leucocyte antigens [HLA]) class I alleles to play a significant role in the control of HIV-1 infection [2,3].